Infectious Diseases - Pathogens

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  • Infectious Diseases: Pathogens
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • Protozoa
  • Parasites
  • How pathogens are spread
  • How pathogens cause disease
  • Growth of pathogen populations
  • Quiz

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Quiz - Pathogens

1. Below are diagrams illustrating the four main types of microorganisms. Drag the labels into their correct positions.

Vacuole
Cell Wall
Plasmid DNA
Genetic material
Bacterial DNA
Flagellum
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell wall
Bud
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Food vacuole
Cytoplasm
Protein coat
 

2.

Diseases
HIV
HIV
Flu
Flu
Malaria
Malaria
Cholera
Cholera
Athlete's foot
Athlete's foot
Salmonella
Salmonella
Method of transmission
  •  is transmitted in tiny droplets from coughs and sneezes.
  •  is transmitted by eating contaminated food.
  •  is transmitted during sexual intercourse and by drug-users sharing needles to inject drugs.
  •  is transmitted from touching infected skin or fungus spores left on the floor.
  •  is transmitted by drinking infected water.
  •  is transmitted in the bite of an infected mosquito.
Prevention
  •  is prevented by sleeping under insect-proof nets impregnated with insecticide.
  • Spread of
     is prevented by covering mouth or using handkerchief.
  •  is prevented by good hygiene and not walking around barefoot in public places.
  •  is prevented by correct storage and preparation of food.
  •  is prevented by using a condom. Drug users do not share needles.
  •  is prevented by keeping drinking water separate from water used for bathing and sewage.
 

3. Select the correct answer from the multi-choices. When you have answered all 10 questions you may check your answers by clicking the button below.

1.

What is a pathogen?

2.

Bacteria may contain small extra circular bits of DNA. These are called:

3.

Which of the following organisms is not a pathogen?

4.

What is the cause of athlete’s foot?

5.

What type of organism causes malaria?

6.

How is influenza (flu) spread?

7.

How do viruses reproduce?

8.

How do bacteria make you ill?

9.

Which of these is NOT a way your body defends itself against pathogens?

10.

Prebiotics are substances which


Antibiotic
Medicine that acts against bacterial infections. Penicillin is an example of an antibiotic.
Antibody
Protein that is produced by lymphocytes (white blood cells) and that attaches to a specific antigen.
Antigen
Molecule on the surface of a pathogen that identifies it as a foreign invader to the immune system.
Bacteria
Single-celled organism. Has a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm. Its DNA is loosely-coiled in the cytoplasm and there is no distinct nucleus.
Biotechnology
The use of biological organisms or enzymes to create, break down or transform a material
Dissect
To cut apart, or separate, tissue especially for anatomical study.
Exponential growth
If something is growing exponentially the larger the quantity gets, the faster it grows
Fungus
Micro-organism that can grow in long tubes called hyphae or as single cells. Fungi have a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell wall.
Herd immunity
If a high percentage of a population is immune to a disease the disease cannot be passed on because it cannot find new hosts.
HIV/AIDS
Infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It attacks and destroys the immune system.
Hybridoma
Hybridoma cells are formed by fusing a specific antibody-producing cell with a type of cancer cell that grows well in tissue culture
Immune system
The body's natural defence mechanism against infectious diseases.
Immunisation
A process which gives immune resistance to a particular disease. The human or animal is exposed to a harmless antigen in order to raise antibodies and provide an immune memory.
Lymphocyte
A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections.
Macrophage
A type of white blood cell that consumes dead pathogens that have been killed by antibodies.
Parasite
Organism that feeds off another living host and causes it some damage. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives in the digestive system of a host organism.
Pathogen
A micro-organism that causes disease.
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are the white blood cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
Protein
A polymer made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. The amino acids present and the order in which they occur vary from one protein to another.
Protozoa
Protozoa are one-celled animals
Spore
A spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavourable conditions.
Toxin
A poisonous or toxic substance - produced by pathogens.
Vaccination
A small amount of dead or weakened pathogen is introduced into the body. It prepares the immune system to prevent future infections with the live pathogen.
Vaccine
Medicine that contains a dead or weakened pathogen. It stimulates the immune system so that the vaccinated person has an immunity against that particular disease.
Virus
The smallest of living organisms. Viruses are made up of a ball of protein that contains a small amount of the virus DNA. They can only reproduce after they have infected a host cell.
Opportunistic Infections
An infection that would not normally cause disease in a healthy person but which can take hold when a person's normal immune defences are reduced.


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